Usuario:Platonides/Encarta/Biografías
Apariencia
A[editar]
- Aage Bohr *
- Aaron Ciechanover *
- Aaron Klug *
- Abdus Salam *
- Abraham de Moivre *
- Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Jabir al-Battani *
- Adelardo de Bath *
- Adolf Butenandt *
- Adolf von Baeyer *
- Adolf Windaus *
- Agustín de Betancourt y Molina *
- Ahmed H. Zewail *
- Al-Biruni *
- Al-Jwarizmi *
- Alan Bartlett Shepard *
- Alan G. MacDiarmid *
- Alan Guth *
- Alan J. Heeger *
- Alan Mathison Turing *
- Albatenio *
- Albert Abraham Michelson *
- Albert Einstein
- Alberto Pedro Calderón *
- Alberto Santos Dumont *
- Alec Issigonis *
- Alejandro Goicoechea *
- Alessandro Volta *
- Alexander Graham Bell *
- Alexander Robertus Todd *
- Alexandr Friedmann *
- Alexandr M. Projorov *
- Alexandr Stepánovich Popov *
- Alexandre Gustave Eiffel *
- Alexei A. Abrikosov *
- Alexis Thérèse Petit *
- Alfred Kastler *
- Alfred Nobel *
- Alfred Werner *
- Alhazen *
- Allan MacLeod Cormack *
- Allan Rex Sandage *
- Alphonse Pénaud *
- Amable Liñán Martínez *
- Amedeo Avogadro, conde de Quaregna e Ceretto *
- Anders Celsius *
- Anders Jonas Ångström *
- André Citroën *
- André Marie Ampère *
- André Michelin y Édouard Michelin *
- Andréi Dmitriévich Sajárov *
- Andréi Nikoláievich Túpoliev *
- Andrés Manuel del Río Fernández *
- Annie Jump Cannon *
- Anthony Herman Gerard Fokker *
- Anthony J. Leggett *
- Antoine Henri Becquerel *
- Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier
- Antonio de Ulloa *
- Antonio González González *
- Antonio Hugo de Omerique *
- Antonio Palau i Verdera *
- Antony Hewish *
- Apolonio de Perga *
- Archer J. P. Martin *
- Aristarco de Samos *
- Armand Peugeot *
- Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius *
- Arno Penzias *
- Arquímedes *
- Arthur Cayley *
- Arthur Harden *
- Arthur Holly Compton *
- Arthur Leonard Schawlow *
- Arthur Stanley Eddington *
- Arthur Whitten Brown *
- Arturo Duperier Vallseca *
- Aryabhata *
- August Kekulé von Stradonitz *
- August Wilhelm von Hofmann *
- Auguste Piccard *
- Augustin Fresnel *
- Augustin Louis Cauchy *
- Avram Hershko *
- Azarquiel *
B[editar]
- Barnes Neville Wallis *
- Bartolomé de Medina *
- Benjamin Franklin
- Benjamin Roy Mottelson *
- Benjamin Silliman *
- Benoît B. Mandelbrot *
- Bernard H. Dawson *
- Bernhard Bolzano *
- Bernhard Riemann *
- Bertram N. Brockhouse *
- Bertrand Russell *
- Bhaskara (1114-c. 1160) *
- Bhaskara (c. 600) *
- Blaise Pascal *
- Blas Cabrera y Felipe *
- Brian David Josephson *
- Burton Richter *
C[editar]
- Camille Flammarion *
- Camille Jordan *
- Carl Bosch *
- Carl David Anderson *
- Carl E. Wieman *
- Carl Friedrich Gauss *
- Carl Gustav Jacobi *
- Carl Sagan *
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele *
- Carl Zeiss *
- Carlo Rubbia *
- Carlos Barral *
- Carlos Biggeri *
- Caroline Lucretia Herschel *
- Cecil Frank Powell *
- Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin *
- César Lattes *
- Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman *
- Charles Adolphe Wurtz *
- Charles Algernon Parsons *
- Charles Babbage *
- Charles de Coulomb *
- Charles Édouard Guillaume *
- Charles Francis Brush *
- Charles Glover Barkla *
- Charles Goodyear *
- Charles Hard Townes *
- Charles J. Pedersen *
- Charles Macintosh *
- Charles Martin Hall *
- Charles Messier *
- Charles Proteus Steinmetz *
- Charles Sanders Peirce *
- Charles Thomas Jackson *
- Charles Thomas Philippe Ulm *
- Charles Thomson Rees Wilson *
- Charles Tilston Bright *
- Charles Wheatstone *
- Chester F. Carlson *
- Christiaan Huygens *
- Christian Doppler *
- Christopher Polhem *
- Chuck Yeager *
- Claro Cornelio Dassen *
- Claude Cohen-Tannoudji *
- Claude Elwood Shannon *
- Claude Louis Berthollet *
- Claudio Tolomeo *
- Clifford G. Shull *
- Clinton Joseph Davisson *
- Clive Sinclair *
- Clyde William Tombaugh *
- Ctesibios *
- Cyril Norman Hinshelwood *
D[editar]
- Daniel Bernoulli
- Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit *
- Daniel Tsui *
- David Attenborough *
- David Bushnell *
- David Hilbert *
- David J. Gross *
- David M. Lee *
- Denis Papin *
- Dennis Gabor *
- Derek Harold Richard Barton *
- Diego Rodríguez *
- Diofante *
- Dmitri Ivánovich Mendeléiev *
- Dominique François Jean Arago *
- Donald Arthur Glaser *
- Donald James Cram *
- Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin *
- Douglas D. Osheroff *
- Dudley Robert Herschbach *
E[editar]
- Edme Mariotte *
- Edmund Cartwright *
- Edmund Halley *
- Eduard Buchner *
- Edward Condon *
- Edward Emerson Barnard *
- Edward Frankland *
- Edward Mills Purcell *
- Edward Pickering *
- Edward Teller *
- Edward Victor Appleton *
- Edward Williams Morley *
- Edwin Eugene Aldrin *
- Edwin Herbert Land *
- Edwin Howard Armstrong *
- Edwin Mattison McMillan *
- Edwin Powell Hubble *
- Ejnar Hertzsprung *
- Elias James Corey *
- Elisha Graves Otis *
- Emil Hermann Fischer *
- Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs *
- Émile Clapeyron *
- Emilio Méndez Pérez *
- Emilio Rosenblueth Deutsch *
- Emilio Segre *
- Emmy Noether *
- Enrico Fermi
- Enrique Butty *
- Enrique Gaviola *
- Enrique Herrero Duclaux *
- Enrique Moles Ormella *
- Eric A. Cornell *
- Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel *
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence *
- Ernest Rutherford of Nelson *
- Ernest Solvay *
- Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton *
- Ernst August Friedrich Ruska *
- Ernst Mach *
- Ernst Otto Fischer *
- Erwin Schrödinger *
- Esteban Terradas e Illa *
- Euclides (matemático) *
- Eudoxo *
- Eugene Paul Wigner *
- Evangelista Torricelli *
- Évariste Galois *
F[editar]
- F. Sherwood Rowland *
- Federico García Moliner *
- Felix Bloch *
- Félix de Azara *
- Félix Savart *
- Felix Wankel *
- Ferdinand Marie Lesseps *
- Ferdinand von Zeppelin *
- Francis William Aston *
- Frank Whittle *
- Frank Wilczek *
- Fred Hoyle *
- Fred Whipple *
- Frederick Reines *
- Frederick Sanger *
- Frederick Soddy *
- Freeman Dyson *
- Friedrich Bergius *
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander *
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel *
- Friedrich Wöhler *
- Frits Zernike *
- Fritz Haber *
- Fritz Pregl *
- Fukui Kenishi *
G[editar]
- Gabriel Jonas Lippmann *
- Galileo (Galileo Galilei)
- Garrett Morgan *
- Gaspard Coriolis *
- Gaspard Monge *
- Gaston Gallimard *
- Geber *
- Geoffrey Wilkinson *
- Georg Cantor *
- Georg Ernst Stahl *
- Georg Hevesy de Heves *
- Georg Simon Ohm *
- Georg Wittig *
- George A. Olah *
- George Boole *
- George Eastman *
- George Ellery Hale *
- George Gabriel Stokes *
- George Gamow *
- George Mortimer Pullman *
- George Paget Thomson *
- George Porter *
- George Stephenson *
- George Washington Goethals *
- George Westinghouse *
- Georges Charpak *
- Georges Leclanché *
- Georges Lemaître *
- Gerard Pieter Kuiper *
- Gerardo de Cremona *
- Gerardus't Hooft *
- Gerd Karl Binnig *
- Gerhard Herzberg *
- Gerolamo Cardano *
- Giangiacomo Feltrinelli *
- Gilbert Newton Lewis *
- Giovanni Battista Donati *
- Giovanni Battista Venturi *
- Giovanni Giorgi *
- Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli *
- Giulio Natta *
- Giuseppe Peano *
- Glenn Hammond Curtiss *
- Glenn Theodore Seaborg *
- Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield *
- Gottlieb Daimler *
- Gottlob Frege *
- Grace Murray Hopper *
- Graciano Ricalde Gamboa *
- Guglielmo Marconi *
- Guido Münch *
- Guillermo González Camarena *
- Guillermo Haro *
- Guillermo Wheelwright *
- Gustav Hertz *
- Gustav Robert Kirchhoff *
H[editar]
- H. David Politzer *
- Hannes Alfvén *
- Hans Albrecht Bethe *
- Hans Christian Oersted *
- Hans Fischer *
- Hans Geiger *
- Hans Georg Dehmelt *
- Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain *
- Hans von Euler-Chelpin *
- Harlow Shapley *
- Harold Clayton Urey *
- Harold Eugene Edgerton *
- Harold W. Kroto *
- Hartmut Michel *
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes *
- Heinrich Hertz *
- Heinrich Rohrer *
- Heinrich Wieland *
- Heinrich Wilhelm Mathias Olbers *
- Helen Sharman *
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz *
- Henri Eyring *
- Henri-Léon Lebesgue *
- Henri Louis Le Châtelier *
- Henri Moissan *
- Henri Pitot *
- Henri Poincaré *
- Henrietta Swan Leavitt *
- Henry Bessemer *
- Henry Cavendish *
- Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley *
- Henry John Kaiser *
- Henry Norris Russell *
- Henry Taube *
- Henry Way Kendall *
- Herbert Aaron Hauptman *
- Herbert Charles Brown *
- Herbert Henry Dow *
- Herbert Kroemer *
- Hermann Hollerith *
- Hermann Minkowski *
- Hermann Oberth *
- Hermann Staudinger *
- Hermann Weyl *
- Herón de Alejandría *
- Hevelius *
- Hideki Shirakawa *
- Hilaire de Chardonnet *
- Hiparco de Nicea *
- Hippolyte Fizeau *
- Hiram Stevens Maxim *
- Horacio Damianovich *
- Horst Stoermer *
- Humphry Davy *
I[editar]
- Ian Robert Maxwell *
- Igor Sikorski *
- Ígor Yevguénievich Tamm *
- Ilya Mikhailovich Frank *
- Ilya Prigogine *
- Irène y Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie *
- Irving Langmuir *
- Irwin Rose *
- Isaac Asimov *
- Isaac Barrow *
- Isaac ibn Cid *
- Isaac Merrit Singer *
- Isaac Newton
- Isaac Peral y Caballero *
- Isadore M. Singer *
- Isidor Isaac Rabi *
- Ivar Giaever *
J[editar]
- Jack S. Kilby *
- Jack Steinberger *
- Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff *
- Jacques Alexandre César Charles *
- Jacques-Charles-François Sturm *
- Jacques Danon *
- Jacques Yves Cousteau *
- Jaime Arbós *
- James Alfred van Allen *
- James Bradley *
- James Chadwick *
- James Clerk Maxwell *
- James Dewar *
- James Franck *
- James Hargreaves *
- James Hopwood Jeans *
- James Prescott Joule *
- James Watt *
- Jan Baptista van Helmont *
- Jan Hendrik Oort *
- János Bolyai *
- Jaroslav Heyrovský *
- Jean Baptiste Biot *
- Jean-Baptiste Dumas *
- Jean Baptiste Meusnier *
- Jean Baptiste Perrin *
- Jean Chappe d'Auteroche *
- Jean-Dominique Cassini *
- Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier *
- Jean le Rond d'Alembert *
- Jean-Marie Lehn *
- Jean-Pierre Serre *
- Jens C. Skou *
- Jerome Isaac Friedman *
- Jerome Karle *
- Joan Vernet Ginés *
- Joaquín de la Cantolla y Rico *
- Joaquín de Mendizábal Tamborrel *
- Johann Jakob Balmer *
- Johann Joachim Becher *
- Johann Rudolph Glauber *
- Johann Wilhelm Ritter *
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals *
- Johannes Franz Hartmann *
- Johannes Georg Bednorz *
- Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen *
- Johannes Kepler *
- Johannes Niclaus Bronsted *
- Johannes Stark *
- John Augustus Roebling *
- John B. Fenn *
- John Bardeen *
- John Charles Polanyi *
- John Couch Adams *
- John Cowdery Kendrew *
- John Dalton *
- John Deere *
- John Douglas Cockcroft *
- John E. Walker *
- John Fitch *
- John Flamsteed *
- John Fowler *
- John Frederick William Herschel *
- John Hasbrouck van Vleck *
- John Herschel Glenn *
- John Howard Northrop *
- John Loudon McAdam *
- John Napier *
- John Pople *
- John Rennie *
- John Robert Schrieffer *
- John Stevens *
- John Tyndall *
- John Vincent Atanasoff *
- John von Neumann *
- John W. Cornforth *
- John Wallis *
- John William Draper *
- John William Strutt Rayleigh *
- Jöns Jakob Berzelius *
- Jorge Juan y Santacilia *
- José Antonio Balseiro *
- José Antonio de Alzate *
- José Babini *
- José Batres Montúfar *
- José Comas y Solá *
- José Leite Lopes *
- José Macpherson *
- José María Lanz *
- José María Millás Vallicrosa *
- José Rodríguez de Carracido *
- Josef Stefan *
- Joseph Achille Le Bel *
- Joseph Black *
- Joseph Cugnot *
- Joseph Fourier *
- Joseph H. Taylor *
- Joseph Henry *
- Joseph John Thomson *
- Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac *
- Joseph Louis Lagrange *
- Joseph Louis Proust *
- Joseph Norman Lockyer *
- Joseph Priestley *
- Joseph von Fraunhofer *
- Joseph Whitworth *
- Joseph Wilson Swan *
- Joseph y Étienne de Montgolfier *
- Josiah Willard Gibbs *
- Josué Gollán *
- Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz *
- Juan de Cabriada *
- Juan de Celaya *
- Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu *
- Juan Manuel Cagigal *
- Juan Segale *
- Julian Seymour Schwinger *
- Julio Garavito Armero *
- Julio Palacios *
- Julio Rey Pastor *
- Julius Lothar Meyer *
- Julius Reuter *
- Julius Robert Oppenheimer *
- Julius von Mayer *
- Justus von Liebig *
K[editar]
- K. Barry Sharpless *
- Kai Manne Borje Siegbahn *
- Karl Alexander Müller *
- Karl Benz *
- Karl Ferdinand Braun *
- Karl Guthe Jansky *
- Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn *
- Karl Pearson *
- Karl Schwarzschild *
- Karl Waldemar Ziegler *
- Karl Weierstrass *
- Kenneth Geddes Wilson *
- Klaus-Olaf von Klitzing *
- Koichi Tanaka *
- Konstantín Eduardovich Tsiolkovski *
- Kurt Alder *
- Kurt Gödel *
- Kurt Wüthrich *
L[editar]
- Lee de Forest *
- Lee Tsung Dao *
- Leo Esaki *
- Leo Hendrik Baekeland *
- Leo James Rainwater *
- Leo Szilard *
- Léon Foucault *
- Leon Max Lederman *
- Leon N. Cooper *
- Leonardo Fibonacci
- Leonardo Torres Quevedo *
- Leonhard Euler *
- Leopold Gmelin *
- Léopold Ruzicka *
- Leopoldo Río de la Loza *
- Li Ka-Shing *
- Liev Davídovich Landau *
- Linus Carl Pauling *
- Lise Meitner *
- Lord Kelvin *
- Louis Blériot *
- Louis Charles Breguet *
- Louis Eugène Néel *
- Louis Hachette *
- Louis Renault (1877-1944) *
- Louis Victor de Broglie *
- Ludovico Ivanissevich *
- Ludwig Boltzmann *
- Luis Antonio Santaló *
- Luis Augusto Huergo *
- Luis Walter Álvarez *
M[editar]
- Manfred Eigen *
- Manuel Ballester Boix *
- Manuel Cardona Castro *
- Manuel Peimbert *
- Manuel Sandoval Vallarta *
- Marcos Moshinsky *
- Maria Goeppert-Mayer *
- Maria Mitchell *
- Marie y Pierre Curie *
- Mario Molina *
- Mario Schemberg *
- Mark Lawrence Elwin Oliphant *
- Martin Heinrich Klaproth *
- Martin L. Perl *
- Martin Ryle *
- Martinus J. G. Veltman *
- Masatoshi Koshiba *
- Max Born *
- Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
- Max von Laue *
- Meghmad Saha *
- Melvin Schwartz *
- Michael Collins (1930- ) *
- Michael Faraday
- Michael Francis Atiyah *
- Miguel Ángel Catalán Sañudo *
- Miguel Barnades *
- Mijaíl Vasílievich Lomonósov *
- Murray Gell-Mann *
N[editar]
- Narciso Monturiol *
- Neil Alden Armstrong *
- Nevill Francis Mott *
- Niccolò Fontana *
- Nicolaas Bloembergen *
- Nicolas Bourbaki *
- Nicolás Copérnico
- Nicolas Leblanc *
- Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot *
- Niels Bohr *
- Niels Henrik Abel *
- Nikola Tesla *
- Nikolai Gennadiyevich Basov *
- Nikolái Ivánovich Lobachevski *
- Nikolai Nikolayevich Semenov *
- Nils Gustaf Dalén *
- Norbert Wiener *
- Norman Foster Ramsey *
O[editar]
- Odd Hassel *
- Olaus Roemer *
- Oliver Heaviside *
- Oliver Joseph Lodge *
- Omar Jayyam *
- Orville y Wilbur Wright *
- Otto Hahn *
- Otto Lilienthal *
- Otto Paul Hermann Diels *
- Otto Robert Frisch *
- Otto Stern *
- Otto von Guericke *
- Otto Wallach *
- Owen Chamberlain *
- Owen Richardson *
P[editar]
- Paolo Ruffini *
- Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett *
- Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac *
- Paul D. Boyer *
- Paul Gottlieb Nipkow *
- Paul J. Crutzen *
- Paul John Flory *
- Paul Karrer *
- Paul Sabatier *
- Pável Alexéievich Cherenkov *
- Pedro Carrasco Garrorena *
- Pedro Duque *
- Pedro Miguel Etxenike Landiribar *
- Pedro Sánchez Ciruelo *
- Percival Lowell *
- Percy Williams Bridgman *
- Peter Agre *
- Peter David Lax *
- Peter Dennis Mitchell *
- Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye *
- Philip Warren Anderson *
- Philipp Lenard *
- Philippe Jean Bunau-Varilla *
- Pierre de Fermat *
- Pierre Eugène Marcelin Berthelot *
- Pierre-Gilles de Gennes *
- Pierre Jules César Janssen *
- Pierre Louis Dulong *
- Pierre Simon Laplace *
- Pieter Zeeman *
- Piotr Leonídovich Kapitsa *
- Polykarp Kusch *
Q[editar]
R[editar]
- Rafael Benjumea, conde de Guadalhorce *
- Ramón Godofredo Loyarte *
- Raúl Wernicke *
- Raymond Davis *
- Ricardo Zuloaga *
- Riccardo Giacconi *
- Richard Adolf Zsigmondy *
- Richard Arkwright *
- Richard Buckminster Fuller *
- Richard E. Smalley *
- Richard Edward Taylor *
- Richard Ernst *
- Richard Kuhn *
- Richard L. M. Synge *
- Richard Pearse *
- Richard Phillips Feynman *
- Richard Trevithick *
- Richard Willstätter *
- Roald Hoffmann *
- Robert Alexander Watson-Watt *
- Robert Andrews Millikan *
- Robert Boyle *
- Robert Burns Woodward *
- Robert C. Richardson *
- Robert F. Curl *
- Robert Fulton *
- Robert Hofstadter *
- Robert Hooke *
- Robert Hutchings Goddard *
- Robert Johannes Rydberg *
- Robert Laughlin *
- Robert Livingston Stevens *
- Robert Robinson *
- Robert Sanderson Mulliken *
- Robert Stephenson *
- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen *
- Robert Woodrow Wilson *
- Roderick MacKinnon *
- Rodolfo Neri Vela *
- Roger Bacon
- Roger Penrose *
- Roland Garros *
- Ronald Fisher *
- Ronald G. W. Norrish *
- Rudolf Diesel *
- Rudolf Emanuel Clausius *
- Rudolf Mössbauer *
- Rudolph Arthur Marcus *
- Russell A. Hulse *
- Ryoji Noyori *
S[editar]
- Samuel Chao Chung Ting *
- Samuel Colt *
- Samuel Finley Breese Morse *
- Samuel Pierpont Langley *
- Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo *
- Santiago Calatrava *
- Saturnino Calleja y Fernández *
- Satyendranath Bose *
- Seki Kowa *
- Seymour Cray *
- Sheldon Lee Glashow *
- Shin’ichiro- Tomonaga *
- Siméon Denis Poisson *
- Simon van der Meer *
- Solomon Lefschetz *
- Stanislao Cannizzaro *
- Stephen William Hawking *
- Stephen Wozniak *
- Steven Chu *
- Steven Weinberg *
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar *
- Svante August Arrhenius *
- Svetlana Yev Savitskaya *
T[editar]
- Tartaglia *
- Teófilo Isnardi *
- Theodor Svedberg *
- Theodor von Karman *
- Theodore Harold Maiman *
- Theodore William Richards *
- Thomas Alva Edison
- Thomas Gold *
- Thomas Graham *
- Thomas Makdougall Brisbane *
- Thomas Newcomen *
- Thomas Reiter *
- Thomas Telford *
- Thomas Young *
- Tycho Brahe *
U[editar]
V[editar]
- Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova *
- Valentino Bompiani *
- Vannevar Bush *
- Victor Franz Hess *
- Victor Grignard *
- Victor Moritz Goldschmidt *
- Vincent du Vigneaud *
- Vitaly L. Ginzburg *
- Vladímir Kosma Zworykin *
- Vladimir Prelog *
W[editar]
- Wallace Hume Carothers *
- Walter Baade *
- Walter Houser Brattain *
- Walter Kohn *
- Walter Norman Haworth *
- Walther Nernst *
- Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe *
- Werner Karl Heisenberg *
- Werner von Siemens *
- Wernher von Braun *
- Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen *
- Wilhelm Eduard Weber *
- Wilhelm Ostwald *
- Wilhelm Wien *
- Willard Frank Libby *
- William Bradford Shockley *
- William Crookes *
- William D. Phillips *
- William Fowler *
- William Francis Giauque *
- William Gilbert *
- William Henry Bragg *
- William Henry Gates III *
- William Henry Perkin *
- William Herschel *
- William Huggins *
- William Hyde Wollaston *
- William Lawrence Bragg *
- William N. Lipscomb *
- William Ramsay *
- William Rowan Hamilton *
- William S. Knowles *
- William Siemens *
- William Wallace Campbell *
- Willis Eugene Lamb *
- Wolfgang Ketterle *
- Wolfgang Paul *
- Wolfgang Pauli *